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Melipona bicolor
''Melipona bicolor'' (Lepeletier, 1836), commonly known as Guarupu, is a eusocial bee found primarily in South America. It is an inhabitant of the Araucaria Forest and the Atlantic Rainforest, and is most commonly found from South to East Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.〔Camargo JMF and Pedro SRM (2008). Meliponini Lepeletier, 1836. In: Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region (Moure JS, Urban D and Melo GAR, eds.). Available at (). Accessed September 21, 2015.〕
It prefers to nest close to the soil, in hollowed trunks or roots of trees.〔HILARIO, S. D.; IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA, V. L. and KLEINERT, A. de M. P.. Flight activity and colony strength in the stingless bee Melipona bicolor bicolor (Apidae, Meliponinae). Rev. Bras. Biol. (). 2000, vol.60, n.2 ( 2015-09-21 ), pp. 299-306 . Available from: . ISSN 0034-7108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000200014.〕
''M. bicolor'' is a member of the tribe Meliponini, and is therefore a stingless bee.This is unique among the stingless bees species because ''M.bicolor'' is characterized by polygyny, which is rare for eusocial bees.〔Hilário, S. D., and V. L. Imperatriz-Fonseca. "Pollen foraging in colonies of Melipona bicolor (Apidae, Meliponini): effects of season, colony size and queen number." Genetics and Molecular Research 8.2 (2009): 664-671..〕
== Taxonomy and phylogeny ==
''M. bicolor'' belongs to the genus ''Melipona'' and the tribe Meliponini, which comprises of about 500 species of stingless bees. Although they are called stingless, these bees do have a stinger, although it is extremely small and cannot be used for defense.〔Michener, C D. The bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 972 pp.〕 ''M. bicolor'' is closely related to the other 40 known species in the genus ''Melipona''.
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